Public Spaces
AU's Tenley campus proposal is pinned to the past
American University plans to move its law school to its land two blocks from the Tenleytown Metro. That has enormous potential, but the design should more directly engage the surrounding urban fabric.
Unfortunately, as expansion plans are presented it is becoming clear that AU's designs remain pinned to the past. Despite the urban location of the Tenley campus, plans for it are based on flawed and outdated suburban design principles.

Site Plan as of June. Tenley Circle, Wisconsin Avenue, and the front lawn are to the upper left. Up is north. Image from AU.
It makes sense to move the law school to the Tenley campus. Most law school faculty and students live off campus and commute to the school from homes and jobs elsewhere in the city, making the site's accessibility a strong feature. In addition to the Metro, bus lines in eight directions link the circle to points all over Northwest DC. This level of accessibility will make it easy for students to attend classes without ever parking a car on local streets.
The law school should also benefit the community. The Tenley campus is near two functional but underdeveloped commercial strips on Wisconsin Avenue that have been struggling for years. An expanded campus would energize the South Tenley and Tenleytown strips by creating a bridge of activity between them where there is now just a narrow sidewalk and an empty field.

Change in lot coverage. Blue areas are new area, yellow is removed, gray is no change. Dark gray represents preserved buildings.
But as of July, the designs do not meet of the location's potential. AU asked the architects, SmithGroup, to mass the building in the footprints of the 1950s campus. Those objects relate to each other, but to the city or the local streets.
The worst consequence of this decision is the retention of the marginal green space between the main building and Tenley Circle. Instead of a place for people, the most visible and accessible part of the site becomes a large no-man's-land. At precisely the spot where the campus should best engage the city, it turns its back.
Around the sides, the site plan leaves even more empty shrub-filled spaces. AU has assured worried neighbors that these large setbacks will screen the bulk of new buildings, but they are a half-measure. As at East Campus, AU is trying to screen the buildings as a substitute for designing more attractive or exciting buildings. Here, the choice makes all of the perimeter conditions the same, front and back, and all relatively unproductive.
Moving the buildings to the front would let the designers consolidate the green space into useful parks at the rear of the site, rather than left as unused spaces on the fringe. It is completely contextual to have a larger building with strong streetwalls fronting the main street, with smaller structures set back on the side streets. This is how nearby blocks have developed, and how most blocks on Wisconsin are zoned.

The 4900 block of Wisconsin Ave has a wall of attached storefronts on the avenue and detached homes behind.
SmithGroup's challenge at this site has been to lay out a plan that creates a campus environment internally, and that meets the neighborhood on one side and greets the city on the other. Their plan achieves a campus feel and blends into the neighborhood relatively well, but does not greet the city.
The campus needs an urban front, a kind of civic space where the main building meets Tenley Circle. One way to achieve that would be with a public staircase.
There are many precedents of public staircases connecting dense urban areas with campus environments, both grandiose and intimate. Columbia University's enormous cascading plaza does double duty as the main social location on campus and and as a threshold between the busy street and the academic campus above.


Left: Columbia's Low Plaza. Photo by Julia Fredenburg on Flickr.
Right: Pioneer Courthouse Square. Photo by Bob I Am on Flickr.
The smaller staircases at Chicago's Field Museum and New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art are great places to wait, socialize and watch: quintessential urban places.
And these don't have to be so grandiose. Polshek Partnership's entryway to the Brooklyn Museum includes two large stair-like seating areas with pragmatic ground-level access. Pioneer Courthouse Square in Portland is a more casual example of an urban stair.
Also out in the Pacific Northwest, the FDR Memorial's designer Lawrence Halprin designed two fascinating parks that reveal the natural environment and the experience of spaces on sites with significant slopes.
These are all great places to wait, socialize and people watch. They are quintessential urban spaces, and illustrate how clever architecture can connect an urban environment to a campus by a great front door.
AU's choice to locate the law school at Tenley Circle is an opportunity to dramatically improve the character of the neighborhood, leaving it more vibrant and green. To take advantage of this opportunity, AU needs to rethink the urban design of their site plan.
In part 2, I'll discuss the historic preservation issues about the proposed campus.
Cross-posted at цarьchitect.
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by Ron on Jul 21, 2011 12:38 pm
by Dizzy on Jul 21, 2011 12:39 pm
I agree that Tenley campus and Tenleytown can really benefit from a public staircase as you suggest. But do you know if there are any building facilities underneath that large green buffer? My understanding is you could not have a classroom without windows, but I don't know if that applies to maintenance rooms.
Also, Tenleytown has a pretty persistent homeless problem. Would a public staircase attract homeless to congregate around the campus entrance? Your examples seem to be in highly populated areas, which Tenleytown is not.
by cmc on Jul 21, 2011 12:43 pm
Although it doesn't own the building, Georgetown University has a number of classrooms and computer rooms without windows in the Car Barn.
by Matt on Jul 21, 2011 12:52 pm
Come to think of it, I know AU has quite the number of classrooms without windows. I take that back. But I still wonder what's underneath that buffer.
by cmc on Jul 21, 2011 12:57 pm
@cmc: There is a bit of a homeless population in Tenley, but they stay away from AU because of the constant patrols by AU officers. They typically camp out by the Metro or the Mini-Mart.
by John M on Jul 21, 2011 1:01 pm
As for attracting homeless, Pioneer Square Park in Portland is quite quiet at night, and yet does not seem to attract a large number of homeless folks (and there are lots of homeless in Portland). Careful design and good security can manage that problem. (Since AU has its own security force, they should be able to handle the homeless issue without additional cost to the city.)
by TCH on Jul 21, 2011 1:05 pm
by aaa on Jul 21, 2011 1:11 pm
Classrooms for studious, quiet, and respectful law students will replace spill-over housing for undergradutes and the Washington Semester program (students from around the world only here for a semester, tend not to give a damn about neighborhood concerns).
All retail in the neighborhood will receive a benefit and there likely will be less cars driving on Wisconsin and Nebraska due to accesibility to the Metro and bus.
by cmc on Jul 21, 2011 1:17 pm
The formal front yard is an element from the Beaux Arts that can best be seen in the Capitol Building. When you look at the original L'Enfant plan, he had the civic uses woven into the citie's fabric much like the European precedents rather than in Beaux Arts complexes like the Federal Triangle and the Capitol Hill ensemble. In this case with the classical building much farther away from the "action" as say the Metropolitain Museum of Art, it might make it impossible to get the engagement you are advocating, but surely somekind of design would help. Maybe a little sketch could be part of your next installment.
by Thayer-D on Jul 21, 2011 1:21 pm
@Dizzy The neighborhood/neighbors had no part in AU/HPO's decision to leave Capital Hall and the greenspace in front of it as useless museum pieces
by Tenley on Jul 21, 2011 1:50 pm
by Jacques on Jul 21, 2011 2:54 pm
I don't think that statement is accurate. The Tenley Historical Society had placed a landmark application on the entire campus. While many would probably support that Capitol Hall is historic, the rest of the campus is not. However the SHPO, who happens to live in the neighborhood, has pushed to keep the open plaza in the middle of the campus as well as a dubious "old" house (which apparently has an intact doorknob or something) and a chapel- which limits the options of the University.
by William on Jul 21, 2011 3:02 pm
@ Thayer-D Not correct on the speeding traffic issue at all. Nebraska is a major walking route for AU students and is quite busy with both car and walking traffic. I'm no architect, so you may be right about the Beaux Arts business. But Neil is talking about taking out a berm that creates, well a barrier to engagement with the streetscape.
The thing that is so perplexing about this design, with the above being the case, is why the AU law school folks are missing the business opportunity to create an appealing place for students to attend. Why wouldn't they want a hypothetical student to utter the following words: "I was up in the air about attending AU law school, but I fell in love with the place." Perhaps far-fetched, but aesthetics do matter, both to the neighborhood and to those who would pay good money to attend.
by SAS on Jul 21, 2011 3:05 pm
Here is a little hint. This is law school not undergrad and law school is a professional degree. So most students lack any type of interest in connecting to the community. Sure, some students will live close to the school but most will find cheaper housing in other parts of the city. They will then drive or mass transit to school. Take classes, study there and then head home.
I still remember when GW undergrads wander into the law school campus looking for votes in the University wide student elections and could never figure out why law school students don't care.
As for the Columbia law school students I think you'll agree there might be a slight higher denisty in the UWS verse Tenly station.
by Burger on Jul 21, 2011 3:24 pm
What does that have to do with anything Neil wrote?
by Alex B. on Jul 21, 2011 3:31 pm
And, as professional students, they provide the good energy that comes with being a student, without some of the negatives (late night partying, loud noise, etc.) that is more characteristic of traditional-age undergrads.
Secondly, AU has a very strong law clinic program and, as a result, is very connected to the community. Granted, most of the clients probably come from other parts of the city, but there is no reason why the law clinics shouldn't have more of a presence in the design so that clients can easily find their way to them.
by TCH on Jul 21, 2011 3:37 pm
The neighbors care nothing about what happens to the front of the property.
Nope, not true. There was repeated insistence that those green buffers that Neil highlights be preserved and explicit opposition to "moving the buildings to the front" as he suggests. The specter of Foggy Bottom and Courthouse, with verbal scare quotes, was raised as what might happen if a 'behemoth' law school building was allowed to crowd the street.
by Dizzy on Jul 21, 2011 3:42 pm
by Tenley on Jul 21, 2011 5:27 pm
Second is the afore mentioned Tenley Historical Society who filed the landmark nomination on the entire property. This filing is causing the University to have to utilize something akin to the existing footprint, rather than mass a single structure behind Capitol Hall.
So while little of this dialogue has been aired publicly, you can be sure that it is happening with great vigor. As another contributor noted, AU has had to react to the various forces within the DC Office of Planning and the neighborhood groups to arrive at a solution that is remotely viable for their program.
by William on Jul 21, 2011 7:46 pm
by Ted on Jul 21, 2011 9:40 pm
by Tenley on Jul 21, 2011 9:58 pm
The TNA is who I was referring to specifically, but there are others. As for who takes them seriously, apparently OP and Mary Cheh do...
by Dizzy on Jul 21, 2011 10:29 pm
They are actually being forced to keep the chapel and the Dumblaine House as well. The THS also asked for the 1950's dorms to be designated, but at least that was rejected by the SHPO.
by William on Jul 22, 2011 6:19 am
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