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Education


Don't leave behind the good parts of No Child Left Behind

Despite its high price tag and the level of compromise required for passage, the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) correctly answered the question of how to improve education in America (for the most part). But to truly improve on student performance, it needs diligent enforcement and to commit resources to classrooms that have so far been lacking.


Photo by StrangeInterlude on Flickr.

The 2001 passage of NCLB was a rare instance of Democrats and Republicans coming together to pass a comprehensive bill to revitalize education. But NCLB left one key ingredient behind: the money. This and other flaws doomed the new law to failure in the field.

Now, Maryland and other states are seeking waivers from many requirements of NCLB, as new Obama Administration rules allow states to do. As this continues, we must protect some of the innovative parts of the legislation, especially those that have helped many urban and minority communities.

As an educator, I value the ongoing commitment of the President and his administration to reforming schools. As an American taxpayer, I also support NCLB's goals for teacher accountability. I know a lot of other teachers do as well.

The challenge lies in applying that accountability fairly, and in accounting for what the teacher does or does not donot just what the student does or does not know.

If Maryland and other states successfully achieve waivers from having to obey the parts of NCLB that just aren't working, their governments should be asked to explain how they will work to make the rest of the legislation best serve students and families.

Here are just four parts of NCLB that have helped many minority communities improve academic performance, and simply need to be tweaked so they work better:

Allowing parents to remove their children from the designated local school if it continues to perform badly on Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) exams. This also applies to schools that are consistently dangerous, such as Prince George's County's High Point High School.

For years students, parents and teachers have complained about the violent atmosphere present at High Point. These concerns were largely ignored until the situation exploded last year. To keep the tempest under wraps even longer, the Board of Education censored one of its own members who dared to investigate the concerns independently.

NCLB created this opportunity for students and their families because legislators understood that it would be difficult for a child to learn without a safe and secure environment. Even more if more parents are informed of this right and how to use it, parents won't have to skirt the law to send their children to safer schools (as some Ohio parents recently did).

Requiring a school to provide tutors to their students, at no cost to parents, if the school fails to meet AYP in math or reading for more than two years, until the school improves. This is a costly measure, but it has been poorly advertised to parents and seldom used by schools.

Studies have proven that students, especially those in urban-minority communities, need between 8 and 15 hours of "out of school" learning activities a week to successfully compete with their peers around the world. The most needy children will only be lifted from the bottom of their classes if they have access to tutors proficient in subjects in which students are struggling.

Compelling all schools to break down student performance by such categories as race, economic status, and disability, in addition to just reporting the student body's overall academic achievement. Before NCLB, many states and many Maryland school districts didn't do this and therefore were able to gloss over the need to focus instruction and achievement goals for certain types of students.

Mandating that teachers be certified in the area they teach. We hear repeatedly that more than half of those teaching math and reading weren't certified to teach in those areas, but we continue to be puzzled by their students' poor performance in these subjects. This part of the law forces districts and states to look at this issue and develop plans that get certified teachers into the right classrooms.

There are serious questions about the wisdom of the NCLB law, most pressingly that the funding necessary to achieve its core objectives is continually lacking. Nevertheless, we should not rush to throw out the good reforms that came with the bad intentions. I know almost no teacher that will oppose accountability measures or a merit system, so long as they felt it would fairly judge their work and they were given the resources needed to do their job.

We wouldn't judge the effectiveness of a hedge fund manager without a computer to make trades. We wouldn't judge a quarterback if he didn't have an offensive line that blocked well enough to give him the time to throw the ball. Likewise, we shouldn't attempt impose a merit system on educators who still lack the tools they need to do their jobs well.

Joseph Kitchen is a California native who relocated to the Washington region in 2005 and resides in Cheverly, Maryland. Before relocating from California Joseph served as a member of the Fresno, CA Edison-Merger Advisory Committee which advised the Fresno City Council and Planning Commission on revitalization efforts for southwest Fresno. Joseph currently works for a private school in southeast DC and is very involved in the Prince George's County community. He also serves as Vice-Chair of the WMATA Rider's Advisory Council. 

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NCLB was just a trojan horse to deem all public schools as "failing." When they're deemed as "failing," the anti-public schools forces would demand they all be defunded.

Then, children would be free to work in factories again.

NCLB should be completely scrapped. It does nothing good except give money to standardized testing companies. Meanwhile, the tests both destroy time-tested instruction methods in favor of teaching to the tests while also depriving children of subjects like art and physical education.

It's indefensible. There's nothing good in it at all. It was a waste of money just another G.W. Bush Administration program to force governments to give money to cronies. Follow the money.

by Cavan on Oct 27, 2011 3:51 pm  (link)

I don't think anyone would argue that ALL of the elements of the law be tossed (you mention some good points, to be sure) But it's reliance on standardized tests as the end-all, be-all of the educational experience is highly problematic and ultimately doesn't really do anything to contribute to a child’s education. It doesn’t give us better schools or better teachers, or better educated kids. It gives us test taking factories, test overseers, and kids taught to take a test. What good does that do?

Accountability is fine but we have to get away from nonsensical notions that we can quantitatively measure the whole breadth of the educational experience, and then reward or punish the overworked, underpaid people who are part of the system based on those results. Kids learn in different ways. Teachers teach in different ways. It's not a bad thing.

When I was in fifth grade (public school) our teacher had a fantastic program to teach about explorers and exploration. She had a "time machine" (a really cool cardboard box with aluminum foil) and each student was assigned an explorer. We had to come to class dressed as the explorer and then interact with the class (after the appropriate amount of travel through the space-time continuum, of course). It was awesome and super fun and we all learned a lot (I still remember my explorer—Cortez). Guess what? She doesn't do that anymore. No time. Now it's all test tests tests. Hours and hours of teaching to tests, more like it. Reading books and discussing them takes time; instead why not just have kids recite vocabulary words ad nauseum for hours on end. Sounds like so much fun.

What's the point in knowing what a word means if you never get to enjoy the raw power of language as conveyed through literature? To borrow from your analogy above, what good is it if you are quarterback with a rocket for an arm but you lack the creative thinking needed to know where to throw the ball, or how to react to the chaos of a broken play? Where is creativity, critical-thinking, or problem measured in those standardized tests? Yes, those skills might not be something that is directly taught, but it something learned/acquired through the educational experience. Or at least they used to be. Now it’s about reciting by rote vocabulary words and multiplication tables. Great. Now can you do anything with that?

Learning is more than teaching kids to be cogs in some standardized-test crazed factory. It's about critical thinking and problem solving…and there’s no reason it can’t be accomplished in a fun, challenging, exciting way. Maybe in our society of lies and illusions, saying all of our kids score well on a test is enough to let us continue pretending that the deep problems of poverty, racism, wealth inequities, lack of jobs and opportunities, etc, aren't that big of deal. I think our democracy suffers because a lazy, uniformed populace lacks either the desire or intelligence to hold those who claim to act on our behalf accountable. Maybe teaching kids how language works (or, more importantly, engaging with kids in the learning experience, since real learning is always an interactive process between teacher and student), and how to see through its manipulations, is more important than knowing the antonyms of every word in Webster’s Dictionary.

I'm not saying all of the aspects of the law are bad, and I can agree that minority communities especially have a right to demand more from the schools that claim to serve them (especially safe schools—my God…I know a school can’t control the streets around it but how hard is it to maintain a safe environment within the school?) But I think any law that relies so much on the flawed premise that a standardized test is the measure of success or failure really, really needs to be re-considered.

I'm also highly skeptical of the laws demands of "accountability." I see the law as a sly means to break a core Democratic constituency (teachers unions) which is why it is all the more egregious that Teddy Kennedy allowed himself to be used as a pawn by the Bush administration to sell the law. The law should not have allowed to be put in place without the necessary funds to see it through, period. So now we get the measures we can use to bash teachers without giving them any of the tools they need to meet the (however absurd) mandates of the law. Great. Yes, there are bad teachers. Yes, educational bureaucracies are often bloated, waste-filled chasms, and we as a society shouldn’t accept that. But there are also generational cycles of poverty that no amount of standardized testing is ever going to solve. Poor test scores not the cause of poverty, or the lack of jobs, or income disparity, just another sad piece of evidence of their existence.

The law is bad, even if it might have a few good points. We should not be sad to see it go.

by drk5 on Oct 27, 2011 4:56 pm  (link)

NCLB has done nothing to increase the likelihood that schools use methods that will lead to greater success. instead, we get teaching to tests (if not cheating) and a continuation of the faddishness that has always been typical of American education (public and private). Parents, educators and administrators all share in the blame. Frequent testing actually undermines what you test and changes in test scores have to be considered in relation to what happens in the schools. Teacher evaluations, like those of most white collar employees don't have the kinds of inputs that allow really close attention to what individual teachers do well or need where they need remediation. NCLB only makes sense if the education process is treated as something other than a blackbox that somehow will get fixed by harrassing teachers' unions and greenlighting charters whose ideas (and outcomes) are no better than regular schools and support isn't provided to actually implement what works.

by Rich on Oct 27, 2011 11:16 pm  (link)

Two words: growth models.

NCLB naively equated student performance with school performance. You have to separate the part of student achievement that was affected by teachers and students in the most recent year from all the other stuff that teachers and schools can't control. Using growth instead of proficiency rates would be a huge improvement. You can still report proficiency rates and do it by subgroup, but for accountability of adults you need the growth measure.

by Ward 1 Guy on Oct 28, 2011 9:04 am  (link)

I understand the need for accountability, and fair, accurate measurements implies standardized, scientifically grounded assessments. While I understand that no one likes taking tests, I think credit should be given to those states and districts who have worked to bridge the gap between accountability testing and classroom instruction. There are several states that have begun using computer adaptive testing. These tests take less time for students, and they give teachers instant data on their students' performance. They students can take three short tests throughout the year so that teachers can track performance and adjust instruction. Some of the companies that make these tests also link the results to instructional resources that teachers can weave into their daily instruction if they want to. I like this approach to accountability--to make tests as short as possible and to provide data feedback to teachers, not just administrators and policy makers. I think these are good examples of how an accountability system should work: you can have good tests that can help teachers and still have plenty of time for instruction of all subjects. Unfortunately, not every state (or district that should be a state) has been able to implement such systems.

I think we should also be careful about attributing NCLB to the Bush administration. While it was passed during this period, the research and political foundation for NCLB began during the Clinton years. I know it's handy to equate something we don't like to a president we may not be that fond of, but NCLB probably would have come to pass no matter who was in the White House--it had backing from both sides of the aisle.

by Austin DC on Oct 28, 2011 9:57 am  (link)

@Austin DC: well said.

by Ward 1 Guy on Oct 28, 2011 11:44 am  (link)

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