Budget
What do Metro employees really make?
WMATA provided data about employee salaries, bonuses, overtime and benefits for fiscal year 2009. Is the $100,000 bus driver a myth, or reality? Does Metro depend on a lot of overtime? Are bonuses incredibly high, or used primarily as a symbolic recognition of a job well done?
First, here are the ten most common jobs at Metro:
| Title | Number | Avg Salary | Max Salary | Avg Overtime |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metrobus Operator | 2672 | $49,500 | 58,600 | 7,400 |
| Train Operator | 611 | 52,300 | 58,200 | 10,500 |
| Station Manager | 523 | 55,700 | 58,200 | 11,500 |
| Janitor | 202 | 39,200 | 45,400 | 5,600 |
| Metro Police | 194 | 62,100 | 86,900 | 9,300 |
| Bus Operations Mgr | 139 | 77,400 | 92,500 | 900 |
| Escalator/Elevator Tech | 138 | 80,600 | 80,700 | 2,900 |
| Metro Police MTPD | 114 | 68,100 | 86,900 | 12,700 |
| Railcar Cleaner | 104 | 38,700 | 45,400 | 1,500 |
This is a high cost area, and you want people to want these jobs to stick with them for enough years that they have some experience. The jobs that require more specialized skills, involve greater personal risk or supervisory roles are compensated higher than less risky or less skilled jobs.
When you compare this compensation against the Federal government's GS scale and equivalent jobs posted on USA Jobs.com, the WMATA employees typically make a couple of dollars more per hour compared to Federal workers. They also enjoy better pensions, but no defined contribution matching like TSP, and have higher employer contributions to health care plans. The feds pay for 2/3 of a health care plan, while WMATA has agreed to pay for only 3/4 of the increase in health care costs, which the union representatives I've talked to refer to as a concession to WMATA.
Average bus operators and train operators don't normally make over $50-70k. On the other hand, a few bus or operators put in enough overtime to qualify for the $100,000 per year club, all by putting in significant amounts of overtime:
| Position | Total Compensation |
|---|---|
| Rail Operator | $113,300 |
| Rail Operator | $109,500 |
| Rail Operator | $104,500 |
| Rail Operator | $103,200 |
| Bus Operator | $102,600 |
| Rail Operator | $102,500 |
| Bus Operator | $101,800 |
| Rail Operator | $101,300 |
| Bus Operator | $100,200 |
| Bus Operator | $100,000 |
Some instances of high overtime are related to long hours put in by supervisors and track workers in the aftermath of the June 22 accident or other incidents. In all, almost 400 employees got a third of their total compensation from overtime (that is, overtime added half of their base salary).
I do not begrudge employees that put in a lot of overtime their fair pay, and I understand that working long hours sucks, and overtime is a fair way to compensate people for working long hours. Having many employees extended so far beyond their normal working hours is a good example of Metro's funding challenge. Metro understands this, they've discussed reducing their overtime and they've made some progress on overtime.
Considering Metro pensions are based on your highest four earning years, including overtime, excessive overtime can hurt Metro's bottom line not only in the current year, but for years to come if the pensions are increased dramatically by overtime. The pension multiplier for the first 27 years of service is a reasonable 1.7 times your high four years of earnings, but most other government agencies would calculate it based on only your base salary.
What did Metro's top managers make in 2009? Here are the top ten spots, ranked by salary plus bonuses:
| Title | Salary | Overtime + Bonus |
|---|---|---|
| General Manager | $315,000 | 0 |
| Chief Financial Officer | 235,000 | 15,000 |
| Deputy General Manager | 235,800 | 0 |
| Deputy General Manager | 231,000 | 0 |
| Chief Safety Officer | 181,300 | 10,000 |
| Assistant General Manager, Bus Services | 184,000 | 0 |
| Inspector General | 177,700 | 0 |
| General Counsel | 175,100 | 200 |
| Chief of Staff | 172,700 | 200 |
| Chief Performance Officer | 170,700 | 200 |
Considering the General Manager and his top staff are responsible for running an organization of over 10,000 employees and managing billions of dollars in assets, these salaries do not seem too out of line or unreasonable.
Who at Metro makes more than $100,000 per year in salary only, other than top managers? From the looks of the data, the police force, white collar workers like contract administrators, attorneys, engineers and IT professionals earn that much.
Who makes over $100,000 per year when you include overtime and (less frequently) bonuses? Over 700 employees. Very few train operators or bus drivers. Lots of police officers, Almost 400 police officers, the supervisors of Metrorail central control and the superintendents in charge of maintaining the tracks and wayside communications. Several very senior mechanics. Senior operations supervisors, and very senior (AA grade) technicians.
| Position | Number of $100K+ employees |
|---|---|
| Metro Police Officers | 74 |
| Track and Wayside Supervisors | 17 |
| Mechanic AA ELCL PWRHV Rail | 16 |
| Central Control Supervisor | 15 |
| Contract Administrator | 15 |
| Shift Supervisor ELCL POWER TIES | 15 |
| Rail Station Manager | 10 |
| Rail Operations Supervisor | 9 |
| Network Technician | 8 |
| Attorney | 8 |
Therefore, a few employees at Metro make over $100,000 a year, but they are either senior managers or supervisors, or put in significant amounts of overtime. Given the demands of long hours and the high costs of living here, it's not unreasonable for some workers to make that much.
On the other hand, it's hard to tell what are reasonable wages for transit workers without knowing how hard Metro has to work to recruit new talent. If wages are too low, Metro will find it difficult to recruit people that will put up with inflexible working hours, often starting early in the morning and ending late in the evening, with a no-man's-land of dead time in the middle of the day. Leave must be scheduled months in advance.
What do you think? Do you think the pay is too high? Was it higher than you expected, or just about right, or not enough? Should Metro push to increase pension rates, but require that the pension calculations reflect regular hours only?
Update: I added a link in the article to the 400-page PDF containing the salary data.
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That said, Metro needs to make overtime reduction a priority. It will save money, possibly create jobs, and improve safety.
by andrew on May 12, 2010 10:28 am • link • report
The change they really need to make, though, is to stop including overtime when calculating pensions: the pension should be calculated using the base salary only. As is, it's way too generous a pension. And perhaps more importantly, it gives workers a huge incentive to work ridiculous amounts of overtime during the four years right before they retire. That can be really dangerous. There was a major subway accident (roughly thirty years ago in New York, if I'm remembering correctly) that was caused by the train operator falling asleep, because he had been working 120-hour weeks in order to boost his pension. That subway system changed their rules so overtime no longer counted toward your pension, in order to prevent that same kind of accident from happening again. Metro really needs to do the same thing, before we have an accident like that.
by Rob on May 12, 2010 10:40 am • link • report
2. How many police officers does WMATA have - and exactly what do they do again? Fire them all and contract that out.
3. Calculating your pension based on your 4 highest years including overtime is just a massive incentive to, hmm, rack up overtime.
by charlie on May 12, 2010 10:40 am • link • report
by Jordan on May 12, 2010 10:43 am • link • report
I'd add one policy point. We see a lot of management books about how organizations need to encourage risk-taking, but risk-taking is not what riders want from a bus driver or a rail mechanic. Metro's aim in hiring should be to attract the kind of employee who's worrying about their children's health coverage and their retirement, not the person who's thinking only about how much cash will be in their pocket on Friday night.
For that reason, the compensation package ought to be weighted more toward benefits than toward salary. It's off-base to complain about the benefits without looking at the total compensation package.
For the same reason - in addition to the direct cost saving - it makes sense to try to cut back on overtime.
by Ben Ross on May 12, 2010 10:47 am • link • report
Everyone is right that counting overtime towards your pension is an incentive to cheat, though. This needs to be explored further.
It's also important to note that FRA regulations prohibit more than a certain number of hours per shift and week for train operators. This number is already considered to be safe, so safety gains would be minimal, and there is a ceiling on how much overtime one of these workers could put in.
by Matt on May 12, 2010 10:58 am • link • report
by Adam L on May 12, 2010 11:19 am • link • report
Committing Metro to that, plus free fares for the worker and their family, is bound to become a burden that's too hefty. Didn't similarly generous UAW pensions and perks during years of financial trouble wipe out the auto industry, Michigan's cities, and tens of thousands of UAW jobs?
I understand (and support) the desire to make as much as you can, but Metro and ATU should take the long view and see if this system is sustainable and can ensure that Metro will be able to continue to employ people decades from now at good wages when today's workers' pensions drive tomorrow's budget.
by D on May 12, 2010 11:27 am • link • report
by D on May 12, 2010 11:28 am • link • report
@Charlie:
Station managers can respond to emergencies, assist tourists, and generally keep an eye on the station (prevents vandalism). I witnessed a medical emergency on the Orange line a few weeks back, and the manager was on the platform as soon as we arrived, and had cleared a path for the EMTs who arrived a few minutes later.
Also, virtually every mass transit system maintains a police department. Although I'll agree that DC has an absurd number of police jurisdictions, I'm glad that there are a few officers specifically keeping an eye on Metro.
by andrew on May 12, 2010 11:30 am • link • report
by D on May 12, 2010 11:39 am • link • report
by JTS on May 12, 2010 11:46 am • link • report
by Jasper on May 12, 2010 12:44 pm • link • report
I have no doubt station mangers do use things. However, it is a job that requires few skills. Sorry. Not every job leads to a career. I'm glad you saw a station manger in action. There are some good ones out there. Few and far between.
And how much do you want to bet the EMT were NOT from metro. Again, not sure why WMATA need so much police and infrastructure. Or right. Terrorism. I have so much confidence in their ability to handle that...
by charlie on May 12, 2010 12:55 pm • link • report
If WMATA's maximum base salaries were exactly just that--true maximums--balancing the budget would be a lot more manageable. But that's not the case.
What happens when an employee reaches the top salary level, but he/she is only 45 years of age? Does the salary remain fixed? Of course not! There are then annual cost-of-living increases which thereafter steadily accrue. Oh, to be sure, the maximum base salary will technically be fixed (well, at least until the next union contract, when it will jump), but that's certainly not the whole picture.
by Zac on May 12, 2010 1:18 pm • link • report
There are legitimate questions of how many people are needed to perform different functions. It's often difficult to tell who is supposed to be doing the work and who supervises and just how many people are needed for basic tasks like staffing a busy station. Other judgments are more qualitative--the management and supervision seems inconsistent and lax; it's difficult to know how well qualified managememt is for overseeing maintenance and customer service, which appear to be teh systems weakest points. The system needs dedicated funding and also a way to insure that it's used properly and the jurisdictional reps haven't always provided assurance that they are minding the store.
by Rich on May 12, 2010 2:14 pm • link • report
Per your first point, no. The issue is not about executive compensation. Those figures are in line with other executive compensation rates for mass transit systems in the US. It's a drop in the bucket compared to people lower on the totem pole when you consider that for every executive making 300k (1), there are 10 station managers making 100k, and 74 cops making 100k. Lots of people making too much money for the job duties and/or working too many hours without approval is the problem. Executive pay, in this case, is not. If Catoe and his ilk were getting big performance bonuses or overtime, that would be a different story.
Also, I don't think anyone is calling overpaid metro employees welfare queens. I think that the commentariat is acknowledging that these employees are responding (as anyone would) to perverse incentives that should be looked at more closely. that's all.
by JTS on May 12, 2010 2:27 pm • link • report
For example, say an employee is hired at a base salary level of $40,000. After a year, this salary is then automatically adjusted upward because a cost-of-living contract provisions. This COS increase will automatically kick in every year thereafter.
In the meantime, the employee begins to move up the salary ladder, so after a year or two, the base salary jumps to, say, $42,000. And it will, of course, continue to steadily rise as the employee gains more seniority until reaching the maximum. Moreover, the annual cost-of-living increase is then calculated on the higher base salary.
Take note, too, in the first table how, in may job categories, the average salary almost reaches the maximum salary. It's almost as if the average salary IS the maximum salary. What this tells us is that WMATA employees appear to be moving too quickly through the salary ladder.
by Zac on May 12, 2010 2:55 pm • link • report
by Michael Perkins on May 12, 2010 3:00 pm • link • report
These numbers make for a nice, simple comparison of rail to bus efficiency, on a per employee basis. By my count there are about 1700 employees dedicated to Metorail operations (fewer than half of them drivers). The BTS ridership numbers tell us that Metrorail generates more than three times the passenger mile and handles about twice as many transit trips as Metrobus. Doing the math, Metrorail is 5.6 times as efficient (on a passenger mile per employee basis) and 3.1 times as efficient (on a transit trip per employee basis) as Metrobus.
(No wonder places with high labor costs favor high capacity rail transit systems over lower-capacity bus transit systems.)
Now wouldn't it be great if we could have the best of both worlds? A transit technology with a high passenger/rider ratio but without all those expensive station managers and escalator engineers to pay? I wonder if such a thing exists ...
by egk on May 12, 2010 3:09 pm • link • report
The calculation is actually number of years worked times 1.7% times the average of your highest four years for the first 27 years worked, and then a little better than that for more than 27 years. I don't know where you get $170,000 a year from that.
Also, I went to analysis with the data I could get (2009) rather than some other data set. I'm actually surprised I got anything from the request, but I worded it identically to a previous request that had been successful.
by Michael Perkins on May 12, 2010 3:10 pm • link • report
I'll put the data set up on Scribd when I get a chance. All my metro documents are available on Scribd, at http://www.scribd.com/perkinsms
by Michael Perkins on May 12, 2010 3:17 pm • link • report
by charlie on May 12, 2010 3:35 pm • link • report
by Zac on May 12, 2010 4:10 pm • link • report
Same goes for escalator/elevator repair techs. Tho, working in construction, those guys are notoriously expensive and hard to work with. I'd like to think that with as much equipment as metro has, that they could get competitive pricing from the half dozen or so respectable companies, but again, they have a strong union and high rates.
by dano on May 12, 2010 4:39 pm • link • report
by Metro Board on May 12, 2010 6:34 pm • link • report
(2) As with so many other aspects of the enterprise, Metro's staffing costs are out of control and it sure looks like we're paying too much for the people who are to a great extent the cause of the mess. Fares are going up, service is being reduced, jurisdictions throughout the region are being asked to shell out more - yet somehow nobody is willing to put forth the proposition that the staff should participate in the belt tightening. In the private sector this does happen: been there, done that.
(3) @dano, MPD doesn't police Metro because WMATA is in so many different states, counties and municipalities: no existing agency covers its entire service area. This might be an excellent time, however, to revisit the arrangement.
(4) It is highly unusual in any airport, hotel, office building or shopping centre to see an out-of-service escalator. It is even more unusual to take a trip through our subway without encountering at least one that isn't working. Metro's way of going about escalator maintenance is demonstrably not working. Can't they at least look to see how it's done in the airports?
by intermodal commuter on May 12, 2010 7:29 pm • link • report
Averages are meaningless when looking at a Metro system where new employees earn next to nothing, with few benefits, and the top pay people ready to retire leave with pensions over $100,000 per year for life, with health insurance paid for and ready to move into a new career as young people.
the many pension plans for Metro employees are underfunded by hundreds of millions of dollars, as are the health insurance plans. It is why we all pay too much for one of the most compact and dense mass transit systems which is also the most unsafe caused by incompetent management and politicians who agree to absurd labor contracts to collect the millions in union campaign subsidies.
by Jack Adams on May 12, 2010 8:32 pm • link • report
by Metro User on May 12, 2010 8:42 pm • link • report
Applicants with prior law enforcement experience will be offered a starting salary that is commensurate with their years of experience to a maximum of five years. The maximum starting salary is currently $59,341.00.
Employment Benefits
Members of the Metropolitan Transit Police force enjoy the following benefits:
* Salary of $48,106 to $86,338, plus shift differential
* Opportunity for promotion after five years of sworn service
* Police Officer 2/3 positions
* Clothing allowance of $450 - $900 per year
* Blue Cross/Blue Shield (PPO) health insurance, including major medical, dental, eye care, and prescription coverage
* Group life insurance
* Disability retirement plan
* Worker's compensation plan
* Deferred compensation annuity plan
* Paid holidays, annual and sick leave, and military leave/sick leave bank
* Permanent shifts/days off
* Retirement after 25 years of service (no minimum age) at 64%
* Tuition reimbursement plan
* Uniforms and equipment are provided by the Department (academy uniforms must be purchased)
* Free bus/rail transportation
Hmm. A minimum starting salary of $48,106. Reasonable. The maximum is $86,338. While getting up there, this level of compensation is still reasonable, and not outrageous by any measure. I would guess (but could be wrong) these salaries are tied to the CPI or some other cost-of-living index, and are automatically adjusted yearly.
by Metro User on May 12, 2010 9:02 pm • link • report
The board members get whatever their sponsoring jurisdictions decide to give them. In the case of the DC and Virginia representatives, I believe they get nothing, as serving on these kinds of boards is part of their job as an elected or administration official.
For Maryland, I think the state provides their representatives with some compensation.
Keep in mind that like many boards, membership on the wmata board is not supposed to be a full time job.
I would say that it would be fair for all board members toget aomething to serve, but it shouldn't be a full salary.
by Michael Perkins on May 12, 2010 9:20 pm • link • report
"Retirement after 25 years of service (no minimum age) at 64%"
Let's see: get hired at age 23; work 25 years; quit/retire at age 48. WMATA then pays nearly 2/3 of highest salary* for rest of life.
Not bad. Not bad at all for an employee. But very bad news for WMATA and its budget outlook.
*WMATA pension computation is, of course, based on more complex factors than just highest salary earned; I used the phrasing above only for simplicity.
by Metro User on May 12, 2010 9:27 pm • link • report
In general, pay is a complex subject and it is difficult to draw simple comparisons. For example, if Metro employees get step increases, you need to know not only how long it takes to get to the top, but also what are typical career paths. That is, what is the total compensation an employee such as a bus driver can make over their time at Metro. This can help expose problems.
I once did a study that compared what DC police, fire, teacher and general schedule workers who started at similar salaries made over the course of their employment. The study assumed so many years in grade and career paths. The teachers were the big winners. Their steps were smaller amounts than the others, but they reached the top of scale faster. The study did not include typical overtime.
by Carl Bergman on May 13, 2010 9:34 am • link • report
Increasingly, this system looks like it is being run to serve its staff, not the region's commuters.
by Kyle on May 13, 2010 10:55 am • link • report
by SJE on May 13, 2010 2:35 pm • link • report
Can we expect to recruit the visionary chief engineer that we need at DDOT with this salary package?
Ken Archer
by Ken Archer on May 13, 2010 2:50 pm • link • report
by Michael Perkins on May 13, 2010 3:09 pm • link • report
http://www.scribd.com/doc/31302851/Wmata-Salaries-2009
by Michael Perkins on May 13, 2010 3:14 pm • link • report
Instead of increasing fares, which will actually move commuters off of the system and back on the roads, the board of Metro, which include such management geniuses such as Marion Barry, needs to change the contracts that are killing Metro. If Metro employees were paid normal wages and benefits, a trip on Metro would cost less than $1 with plenty of money left over for more cars and buses and maintenance that would eliminate the unsafe conditions we are exposed to every day.
by Jack Adams on May 13, 2010 8:05 pm • link • report
by Michael Perkins on May 13, 2010 8:37 pm • link • report
by Jack Adams on May 13, 2010 8:56 pm • link • report
Barry was only an alternate member of the Board, not a voting member. If I recall correctly, he didn't attend many meetings and the ones I listened to where he attended he didn't seek to know much of what was going on.
Then again, it seems like you might be the kind of guy that would let facts get in the way of a good opinion.
by Michael Perkins on May 13, 2010 9:39 pm • link • report
but you seem like the kind of guy who supports fools like the current board and does not let the fact that Metro is needlessly in financial distress get in the way of your ill-informed opinions.
you may find unnecessary fare increases worthy of support, but I have better things to do with my hard earned money than to support a bloated, incompetent, unsafe and dangerous Metro system that has been handed over to the "public servants" who abuse their public every day.
by Jack Adams on May 13, 2010 9:57 pm • link • report
Only the Maryland board members get anything in the way of "fees" to collect.
The contracts with Metro's labor unions are not directly approved by the Board, to my knowledge. Metro and the Labor unions get to appoint an arbitrator each, and then a third arbitrator is appointed by the two of them. Metro has done what it can by suing in court to force the arbitration panel to take into account its financial distress. Not quite sure whether Metro can win its case. In my opinion, 20% fare increases combined with service cuts indicates a system in financial distress. But Metro had its chance to present its case before the arbitration panel, and the panel decided to approve what it did.
I'm in agreement with you that Metro needs to get its costs under control. I'm not convinced that we could get down to a dollar per ride with money left over for new trains.
by Michael Perkins on May 13, 2010 10:11 pm • link • report
The chances of the residents of the areas served by Metro approving contracts that provide for wages and benefits far greater than those enjoyed by the voters paying for them would be zero.
It is why the unions have fought every attempt to change the arbitration clauses in every major mass-transit market in the country. It is not a system commanded by God. It is a political decision, made by pols who get elected with massive contributions from unions.
Let the public vote on contracts and the era of the $100,000 bus driver who retires at a pension greater than the average wage earner in the country would be over.
Reducing Metro wages to average wages would result in an average fare of 88 cents with money left over to modernize the system.
by Jack Adams on May 13, 2010 10:34 pm • link • report
I would love to see your math that allowed you to get to 88 cents per trip.
Did you miss the article I wrote just the other day that said there were only a handful of $100,000 bus drivers? As in less than five, out of over 2500 bus drivers.
by Michael Perkins on May 13, 2010 11:03 pm • link • report
by Michael Perkins on May 13, 2010 11:08 pm • link • report
Reducing pay to market levels, eliminating overstaffing caused by ridiculous work rules and replacing insane pension plans with the kind of plans that most Americans have would cut Metro expenses enough to bring the cost of a ride to less than a dollar and leave money for capital expenses like new railcars and buses.
While many in DC who work for government also enjoy compensation far in excess of the market, the day is coming when the majority of Americans will no longer be willing to be robbed of their money to support this rotten system.
by Jack Adams on May 14, 2010 7:40 am • link • report
by Rodell on Jul 23, 2011 11:46 pm • link • report
Good if you are a driver getting that pay. Bad for the taxpayers and bus riders who pay the high salary.
Regardless, it is HIGH PAY.
by David Hathaway on Jan 9, 2012 3:54 pm • link • report
by Metro Employee on Mar 1, 2012 7:54 am • link • report
by treice on Oct 7, 2012 12:25 pm • link • report
by give wmata a break on Jan 23, 2013 11:44 am • link • report
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